What were the reasons behind the indiapakistan partition of. Zia ul haq, chief of the army staff, appoints cmla and proclaims martial law. Documentary on former president of pakistan general ziaul. It was started in british india after first world war in 1920s. He introduced the islamization which was to be practiced throughout the country strictly. The history of pakistan explores the rich and intricate past of a highly diverse nation still in the process of determining its own identity. The history of pakistan the greenwood histories of the. General muhammad zia ul haq introduced many draconian laws in which nonmuslims. Waf became one of the main forums of womens struggle against zia ul haq s islamization politics. When supreme court announced that martial law was legal. Pashtun tahafuz movement ptm we live perspective not life. Former military dictator gen zia ul haq under a general drive towards islamization, started the process of historical revisionism in earnest and exploited this initiative. His program impacts national and regional political, religious and security situations. General muhammad ziaulhaq s regime kicktarted in 1977 by taking over the previous democratically elected government of zulfiqar ali bhutto.
Architecture of zias islamization pakistan defence. The steps taken by general zia were in the right direction and had longterm impacts, the zakat tax introduced by general zia still holds and so do many of the other laws. The war against the soviets in afghanistan was run by zia, not by us. Second child and eldest son of muhammad akram, a teacher in the british army, zia ul haq was born on august 12, 1924, at jalandhar. The war against the soviets in afghanistan was run. Introduction of new blasphemy laws until the ascendency of general zia ul haq to power, most of the blasphemy cases were in line with what the founder of the country had assured the muslims and the nonmuslims in his speech of 11 august 1947. He sustained a military government while strengthening islamic institutions and practices. In this article, i explained the causes behind zias islamization in pakistan. Looking back now the episode looks like a mild arm twisting of the state administration and that of the socalled mighty india to gauge their real might and willpower to deal with recurrence of such disturbing situations. Abdul razzaq shahid qasar shahzad abstract media plays an important role in strengthening the ideological foundations of any system, because it directly influences the minds of masses. The intensity of bloodletting by zia ul haq and king hussain was such that one of the founder father of israel moshe dayan said. In 1980 zia ul haq islamization all financial institutions operating in pakistan.
In the speech, he accused politicians of exploiting the name of islam, saying that many a ruler did what they pleased in the name of islam. During his reign, general zia ul haq a military chief and president of pakistan started the islamization program in the country. General ziaulhaq and islamization islamic inquisition. General zia ul haq s islamisation program during the 1980s, in particular, fundamentally distorted the justice system, degrading legal standards and introducing religious, sectarian and gender biases. The eighth amendment in 1979, the zia regime islami sed the pakistan penal code. In 1977, prior to the coup, the drinking and selling of wine by muslims, along with nightclubs, and horse racing was banned by prime minister bhutto in an effort to stem the. Meanwhile, general zia needed to bring into politics the several groups mainly having the right wing and islamic. The violation of basic rights became a matter of state policy. The most blatant lie that covers page after page of history textbooks is that pakistan was created for the. The zia era 19771985 with the promulgation of the islamic system by general zia ul haq the ulama and the dini mad underwent certain changes.
A highlight of this islamization wave was the reintroduction of islamic criminal law in. Since then, the general has remained a deeply polarizing figure in the islamic country. Dec 01, 2004 islamization, textbooks calling his efforts too little, too lat. In addition, the refugees are an economic burden that pakistan can ill afford. Viewpoints special edition the islamization of pakistan. On august 17, 1988, general ziaul haq, along with his top military officials and two american diplomats, died in a mysterious plane crash in the eastern pakistani city of bahawalpur. Dawn newspaper announces the death of muhammad ali jinnah. General zia ul haq was a practicing muslim who raised the slogan of islam. Pdf does microfinance molded according to islamic finance. The arain tribe is ancient and traces its roots back to arabian tribes who arrived in the indian subcontinent in the year 711a. Documentary on former president of pakistan general zia ul haq in urdu faisal ashfaq. After assuming power the task that the government set. Muhammad ziaulhaqs takeover of pakistan and circumstances of his death were referenced in the star trek novel the rise and fall of khan noonien singh, volume one. General muhammad ziaulhaq, was the fourth chief martial law administrator and sixth president of pakistan.
That is beautifully put but pakistan should prioritize its own socioeconomic development over showering a great deal of its attention and energy at being the thekadar of the middle east which have too many issues and problems for a single entity to manage. On december 2, 1978, general muhammad zia ul haq delivered a nationwide address on the occasion of the first day of the hijra calendar. Blasphemy laws in pakistan a historical overview never mind. Mohammad zia ul hag was born into a middleclass family on august 12, 1924, at jullunder in east pubjab, india. Zia ul haq s first executive order offebruary 10, 1979 comprised a series of reforms dealing with islamisation by making state laws in conformity with the islamic doctrines as interpreted by the regime.
General ziaulhaq was a practicing muslim who raised the slogan of islam. It was not just zia ul haq but every military dictator except yahya khan was good for pakistan. Muhammad ziaulhaq was born into a punjabi arain family in jalandhar, punjab province of british india, on 12 august 1924. Zia and his companions firstly decided that islam was the chief uniting factor in the divided. Various governments have used this to their benefit.
Its objective is the transformation of pakistan into an islamic state, governed by sharia law, through a gradual legal, and political p. Islamization under general ziaulhaq islamization and. Impact of islamization on ptv during zia 26 impact of islamization on ptv during zia era dr. This was followed by the legislative reforms known as.
Mar 08, 2009 in the past the same jamateislami when its deviant founder syed abul alaa maudoodi was alive provided its very senior member professor ghafoor to serve general zia ul haq. Jun 18, 2015 thus, jihadi groups came to be used instrumentally for the purpose of strategic gains long after the demise of president zia ul haq and the withdrawal of soviet forces. Initially, ji supported general zia ul haq 1977 1987. In 2010 the white house was reported to be considering using the cias armed predator drones to fight alqaeda in yemen. Shorty after coming to power, zia made the islamization of pakistan the official policy of his government. Islamization process and the regime of general muhammad. The partition of the punjab in midaugust 1947 took place as part of a negotiated settlement brokered by the british between the indian national congress, the allindia muslim league and the sikhs of punjab to partition india and transfer power to. Ziaulhaq who is usually held uniquely responsible for islamization of pakistans legal system restored matters by setting limits on the islamization of the country. In a prelude to the fictional eugenics wars, it is implied that genetically engineered superman khan. Ctc sentinel combating terrorism center at west point pdf.
Islam in the national story of pakistan by aparna pande. He was born on 12 august, 1924 in jalandhar, india, and died on 17 august, 1988. The military coup that ended bhuttos second term and eventually his life brought his protege general zia ul haq to power. Despite the islamization demanded by the people and introduced in the constitutions, it was not started until the takeover of power by general zia ul haq in 1977. The pakistani establishment taught their children right from the beginning that this state was built on the basis of religion thats why they dont have tolerance for. The estalishment of pakistan through two nation theory hindus and muslims. He expanded the goals of the coup from election to accountability of the politicians.
Aug, 2009 in retrospect, the 11 years of military rule from 1977 to 1988 under general zia ul haq was the beginning of pakistans steady slide into islamization. General muhammad zia ul haq, who ruled from 1977 to 1988, continued and arguably accelerated the islamization process as he sought to secure support among religious radicals and the middle classes. King hussein with help from zia ul haq of the pakistani army sent in his bedouin army on 27 september to clear out the palestinian bases in jordan. Muhammad zia ul haq, the sixth president of pakistan, was described by riedel as a. Impact of ziaulhaqs gender policieson pakistani society. Pakistans active role in the postsoviet afghan politics and later in making and breaking of various afghan regimes have institutionalized the role of the madrassas as well. Zia regime has been a piece of hot debate and serious discussion in the history of pakistan. Jamaateislami pakistan wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. Pakistans islamization before and after dictator ziaul haq.
The reinvention of feminism in pakistan request pdf. Muhammad zia ul haq s islamization the primary policy, or centerpiece of zia s government was sharization or islamization. Brightopen mindedliberal pakistan, but general zia ul haq has been classified as a man having an identity and taste altogether different than ayub, yahya and musharraf. General ayubs views would be reinforced by another military ruler, general zia ul haq, who launched a sweeping stateled islamization agenda in the late 1970s that fundamentally reshaped the countrys major institutions, politics, and culture. This might seem a very controversial statement but read ahead to know realities. Nuclear weapons were seen as a way of countering indias larger army, matching indias suspected nuclear program, and providing an umbrella under which pakistan might launch lowlevel probes in the disputed kashmir region. Mohammad zia ul haq 19241988, an army officer, was president of pakistan from 1978 until his death in an air crash that was a suspected assassination. Several ruling governments have used the islam as a lethal weapon to persue. Imagining alternative ethnic futures for pakistan npec. General zia ul haq was the first and so far the only pakistani leader truly committed to a program of islamization. General ziaul haq hoped to end this debate once and for all.
Zia took over with the declared purpose of resolving the rift between bhuttos peoples party and the combined opposition to hold free and fare elections within 90 days. Zia era general muhammad zia ul haq was the one who enforced martial law for the third time in the brief history of pakistan. Download islamization of pakistan iqbal zafar pdf merge. Persecution of hindus wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Zias islamization 19771988 general zia ul haq was the military administrator from 1977 to 1988. Zia was born in jalandhar, india, in 1924 as the second child of. The generals model of media control is to target poor but well informed reporters not known to the english speaking urban gentry. By the early 1980s, financial islamization looked imminent. Sectarian violence in balochistan middle east institute. Repercussions for pakistan 56 lately, madrassas and islamic militancy have become identical. Chaotic situation and the military strategy as the time passed zia ul haq gradually entrenched himself into politics. In the late 1970s, general zia ul haq toppled zulfikar ali bhuttos civilian government. Nonmuslims, such as hindus in rural sindh, were made to vote in separate electorates. President jimmy carter in early october to discuss economic assistance for the refugees, among other matters of concern.
Rooted in the ancient indus valley civilization, shaped by the cultures of both the middle and far east, and now predominantly devoted to islam, pakistan has emerged as a unique indomuslim community, viewed with caution and curiosity by the rest of the. The military regime seemed to have capitalized from the fact that the pakistan national alliance pna, vindicated by a. However, he had left behind a formidable and contestable legcy in both the internal and external politics of pakistan. Ziaul haq s islamization empowered the sunni clergy and antagonized the countrys shia minority. The 1977 military take over and the subsequent decade of general zia ul haq s rule made women direct targets of a misogynist state under his purported islamization project jahangir and jillani, 1990.
Pakistans president muhammad zia ul haq met with u. Sharization or islamisation was the primary policy, or centerpiece of the government of general muhammad zia ul haq, the ruler of pakistan from 1977 until his death in 1988. The ji saw interest not only as individual sin, but also as an obstacle to a just, modern islamic socioeconomic system. He soon began to use martial law to establish and sustain an islamic state after the nations disastrous experience with bhuttos socialism. Zia ul haq made attempts for the islamization of pakistan. Do you think ziaulhaq was good or bad for pakistan. General zia ul haq s ambitious islamization program visa. From the late 1970s onwards the armed forces of pakistan were systematically islamised, especially by the dictatorship of general zia ul haq historians have hinted at zia s approbation of islamic scholar and founder of the fundamentalist jamatiislami, abul ala maududi, as the main inspiration behind his islamization manoeuvres.
In turn, zias use of islamist rhetoric gave ji importance in public life beyond the size of its membership. General zia, with the help of state institutions, weakened the secular and progressive forces and introduced the hudood, qisas and diyat in legal system of pakistan and federal. He did this in order to usher in an islamic system to pakistan. When general ziaulhaq took over as the chief martial law administrator on july 5, 1997, islamization was given a new boost. Islamisation under general muhammad ziaulhaq iqbal.
Professor ghafoor ahmad of jamateislami was a federal minister production industries in general zia martial law cabinet 19781979 reference cabinet division. He proceeded to islamize pakistans laws, involved clerics in legislation and appointed quranic scholars as judges. Ji assisted the pakistan national alliance pna to oust bhutto and met with zia ul haq for ninety minutes on the night before bhutto was hanged. Islamization under general ziaulhaq khalidriazblog.
Islamization doctrine is routed in pan islamic movement started before birth of pakistan on august 14,1947. General zia ul haq 19771988 made islamization the social and political order of the country, the cornerstone of his government farooq 1985. The process of islamization was firstly introduced in pakistan by general zia ul haq who persistently focused on adopting and enforcing the islam in every sector and walk of life in pakistan. Pakistans generals, beginning with the late general zia ul haq, learnt a lesson from the resentment built against the civilian leaders as a result of their high profile actions against media personalities. In 2003, alleged 911 mastermind khalid shaikh mohammed was arrested in rawalpindi. However, his predecessor zulfikar ali bhutto had been preparing the coming of zia s programme, making the dividing line in the islamization programme anything but clearcut. In 1977, when general zia ul haq overthrew the elected civilian government of z. When general zia ul haq took over as the chief martial law administrator on july 5, 1977, islamization was given a new boost. Zia ul haque and the proliferation of religion in pakistan jamal shah abstract though pakistan is the result of an islamic movement in undivided india, islam was never institutionalized politically and militarily till zia took power on july 5 th 1977 as a result of coup detat. One of the most important legacies of this troubled decade has been that, seemingly, the only tool for analysing women in pakistan is.
Amid strong public backlash, he used shariazation or islamization as a primary policy of government not only to silence opposition but, also, to get firm control over the state and its. Criticism of islamism wikipedia republished wiki 2. The unislamic features of the pakistani finance sector. In fact, support for jihadi outfits condensed into a bedrock of the pakistani foreign policy establishment. When general ziaulhaq took over as the chief martial law administrator on july 5, 1977, islamization was given a new boost. Zias islamization general zia ul haq stepped in to restore law and order on july 5, 1977, following widespread rioting triggered by the pnas charges of rigged elections. Zia has also been called the person most responsible for turning pakistan into a. The amendments made into the the amendments made into the banking companys ordinance 1962, the all tran saction are non interest base and. May, 2018 a brief overview of pakistan and the origin of the pashtun tahafuz movement ptm the pashtun tahafuz movement first established itself as a social initiative 1 in 2014, that demanded the removal of landmines from south and north waziristan after military operations against the taliban ended. After the brutal conflict in 1971 it is clear that pakistan learnt nothing apart from more hatred because general muhammad zia ul haq would consolidate his power base during 1977 and 1978 and the new president of pakistan was intent on installing more islamization. After ayub khan first military dictator, zia ul haq s reg. The founder of the group was omar bakri muhammad, a syrian who previously belonged to hizb uttahrir.
Zia maneuvered and revived a strategic alliance with the u. The islamic sentiments have always been very strong in the nation and full alive in pakistan. Islamization under zia 19771988 when ziaulhaq took the power in his hands, there was a popular conception that every government paid only lip service to islam and no sincere effort was ever made in this direction. General mohammad ziaulhaq who had occupied the reins of power in pakistan for well over a decade, had done so by means dubbed as questionable by observers. Jamaateislami pakistan wikipedia republished wiki 2. Ziaulhaque and the proliferation of religion in pakistan.
Zia ul haq who is usually held uniquely responsible for islamization of pakistans legal system restored matters by setting limits on the islamization of the country. Its objective is the transformation of pakistan into an islamic state, governed by sharia law, through a gradual legal, and political process. General muhammad zia ul haq s first address to the nation on 5th july 1977. The wounds inflicted on the kashmiri hindus in the 1986 disturbances were not allowed to heal. D with the conquering army of muhammad bin qasim hence arain people are offspring of arab soldiers. The islamic sentiment has always been fully alive in pakistan. We should only trust ourselves no one will have our interests in our nation but ourselves, the chinese,the turks,the iranians,the gulfies, the americans, and the russians have only interests in us on certain issues rest not best to keep good ties but if challenged we should respond not keep heads down one thing i respect the iranians is they are deeply mistrustful of their enemies and their. Pdf causes of general zia ul haqs islamization program. The two merged as part of a religiously denominated national security doctrine that turned pakistans re. A snapshot into election history in pakistan by abcpark issuu. General zia ul haq and pakistans neotraditionalist ulama supported financial islamization too. Coincidentally or not almost 29 years ago her father, zulfikar bhutto, also a former pm of pakistan, was hung in the very same city by then pakistan dictator general zia ul haq. Zia passed broadranging legislation as part of pakistans islamization, acts criticised for fomenting religious intolerance. Or it is a process of societys shift towards islam, such as found in sudan, pakistan, iran, malaysia, or algeria dictionary, n.